Geosphere is the sphere containing sediments as well as rocks
- hydrosphere can be regarded as the sphere which contains total amount of water that exist on a planet.
- The geosphere can be regarded as the collective name that is used to call the atmosphere of the earth lithosphere as well as hydrosphere, and cryosphere.
- The geosphere can be regarded as sphere which contains the rocks as well as minerals on Earth
- The geosphere is also the sphere with abiotic/non-living parts of soils as well as the skeletons of animals, it also contains sediment as well as rocks.
- An atmosphere can be regarded as the layers which consists of gases which envelope a planet.
Therefore, geosphere is collection of spheres containing sediments as well rocks.
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In this case, the protozoa will be in category B - animal-like protist.
Animals consume other living organisms to obtain energy. Archaea and bacteria are a high level classification of different kinds of microorganisms that include many different subtypes. So these are not appropriate answers as they are not specific enough. Plant-like protists can photosynthesize which these protozoans cannot. Fungus does have similarities with animals in that it consumes living tissue to survive, however animal-like protist is the best fit for this questions.
Answer:
D) In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.
Explanation:
The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, which produces the ATP and NADPH needed in the light independent stage of the process, includes complexes of proteins and pigments called PHOTOSYSTEMS. These photosystems (I and II) are key to the functionality of the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid.
The major pigment present in both photosystems is CHLOROPHYLL A, which absorbs light energy and transfers electrons to the reaction center. Chlorophyll B is only an accessory pigment meaning it can be done without. Hence, if all of the chlorophyll A is inactivated in the algae but leaves chlorophyll B intact as in case 1, both PS I and PS II will lose their function because Chlorophyll A is the major pigment that absorbs light energy in both photosystems.
In case 2, if PS I is inhibited and PS II is unaffected, a PROTON GRADIENT WILL STILL BE PRODUCED because the splitting of water into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) occurs in PSII. Hence, H+ ions can still be pumped into the inner membrane of the thylakoid in order to build a proton gradient even without the occurrence of PS I.
Answer:
the answer is C
Explanation: The deep ocean circulation of water is caused by convection currents in water that allow cold water to rise and warm water to sink.
There are four major classes of biological macromolecules:
carbohydrates.
lipids.
proteins.
nucleic acids.
