Answer: A. How does exercise improve heart health?
Option A provides the best question for a quality research paper. The question is broad enough to require further research, but also narrow enough to be able to be explored deeply in a research paper. Options B and C provide questions that require very short answers. Options C and D provide question that have an obvious answer and do not require further research.
Definitely pathos. You are trying to appeal to her emotions. Logos is no because there is no logic in eating a cookie on a strict diet. Ethos is no because you are not trying to appear credible by asking her to eat the cookie