This practice means that workers in a community perform different tasks. Job specialization divides the work of a community into specific jobs and assigns these jobs to different individuals. Job specialization leads to greater proficiency as well as increases in efficiency and productivity. Job specialization took place as a result of the food surplus and population increase brought about by the Neolithic Revolution.
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Job specialization encouraged leisure time, which allowed people to appreciate and develop art, sports, theater, and recreation. Citizens of early cities gained the ability to specialize in their jobs, or to work in certain trades rather than sharing agricultural or other work. Agricultural innovations like irrigation, crop cycling, and harvesting techniques meant that fewer people were needed to work as farmers and laborers. With specialized trades, more citizens in the city could work exclusively in cultural and social trades, developing art and entertainment. Cities became places where cultures developed. These developments pulled new people to cities because the city became the place to learn and experience things that could not be experienced in isolated rural environments.
