Answer is it encouraged the growing of cash crops
The Middle Passage specific refers to the journey the Africans slaves made from Africa to the Americas. It is called that because it was 2nd trip made by European slaves ships during the Triangular Trade.
The Triangular trade refers to the entire process, and similar to what you described in your question. That is, the European ships traveled to Africa to sell manufactured products for slaves; then these ships took the slaves and continued on across the Atlantic to the Americas (the middle passage), and traded the slaves for raw materials (like cotton) from the colonies; and finally they took these raw materials back to Europe to make clothing and whatever.
Trans-Saharan trade requires travel across the Sahara between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa. While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century. ... Cattle were introduced to the Central Sahara (Ahaggar) from 4000 to 3500 BC.
I believe that the answer is E but it could also be D
