The best description of predictable development of plant structure in an area over time is primary succession. The correct option is a.
<h3>What is succession?</h3>
Changes in the physical environment and the population of the species cause succession. There are two types of succession: primary and secondary succession.
Nudation, invasion, competition and coaction, reaction, and stabilization are the five stages of ecological succession. Autogenic succession is derived by biotic factor in an ecosystem.
Thus, the correct option is a. primary succession.
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If the researchers replaced the bacterial proton pump with a proton pump that was activated only by atp then less ATP would be produced when the light is on because no proton gradient would be available to produce ATP.
<h3>What is
proton gradient ?</h3>
Two quinol (4H+4e) oxidations at the Qo site result in the formation of one quinol (2H+2e) at the Qi site, creating a proton gradient (in total six protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and four protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
For the ETC to continue functioning, the energy trapped in the electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane must also be released in some manner. ATP is created using the energy in the proton electrochemical gradient.
Chemiosmotic coupling is the process by which ATP synthesis is coupled to the electrochemical gradient of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Peter Mitchell, who in 1961 made the initial suggestion, was given the Nobel Prize for his efforts in 1978.
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The right answser is Chromosomes.
After DNA replication during cell cycle interphase, the chromosomes are composed of two identical chromatids attached at the centromere. Each chromatide is formed of a molecule of DNA (the nucleofilament) associated with proteins, the histones, around which it winds to form nucleosomes. At the ends of each chromatid are telomeres, consisting of repetitive DNA sequences that provide protection for chromosomal endings. Telomeres and centromere do not encode genetic information, it is non-coding DNA.
