1.True
"Rival Land Claims. <em><u>England</u></em>, France, and the Netherlands became <u><em>early rivals of Spain</em></u> in colonizing the <u><em>North American</em></u> continent," as stated by https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/parallel-histories-spain/history3.html, which means that england was in fact the first biggest rival in the North American continent.
2.False
"The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, <em><u>France gave up all its territories</u></em> in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there," as stated by https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris, meaning <em><u>not just one</u></em><em> </em>colony, but all colonies.
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When King Menes united the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt by establishing a succession of rulers from the same family, he founded the first Egyptian empire. because he united the two kingdoms of the same place or region.
A because the war propaganda made it hard for anyone to sell anything
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Your answer is~
the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes.
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to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.