The answer is 50 percent.
Parent plant of genotype Rr will in meiosis produce haploid gametes which will carry either R allele or r allele. Since there are only two possibilities R or r, the probability that seed will get r gene is 1 of 2. This can be presented as 1/2, which is 50%.
Think of respiration as ‘cellular respiration,’ which is the process by which the body extracts energy from glucose molecules. Breathing is the mechanism of the lungs that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide
Respiration is a vital way for the cells of plants and animals to obtain and utilize energy. Without this energy, cells in the bodies of plants and animals would fail to function and will eventually break down and die. The breaking down of sugar into energy and storing it in ATP is the key to the survival of living organisms.
The formation of ATP involves two different processes, cellular respiration and fermentation. The reactions to these processes are controlled by enzymes and involve the loss and gain of electrons.
Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of organisms using metabolic reactions and processes to convert biochemical energy from the nutrients they absorbed into ATP or adenosine triphosphate and to release waste products.
The energy derived from nutrients like sugar, amino and fatty acids, an electron acceptor which can be oxygen (used by aerobic organisms) or other inorganic donors like sulfur, metal ions, methane, or hydrogen (used by anaerobic organisms) are stored in ATP and used for biosynthesis, locomotion and to transport molecules in cell membranes.
Cellular respiration can be aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to generate ATP and plants and animals use this in utilizing the energy they received.
The evolution of molecular biology has made possible to establish a new classification of all organisms according to their DNA, and it's called phylogenetic classification. This classification group living beings according to their kinship it is established according to anatomical, and especially genetic, based on the similarity of genes between species.
This made it possible to discover kinship ties between species of which there is no suspicion of any morphological link between them, something which the old classification (the traditional classification) was incapable of doing (and this proves the importance of the DNA and genes in organisms classification.
The question is about a test cross. Definition of a test cross: Generally a cross involving a homozygous recessive individual. When a single trait is being studies, a test cross is a cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype but of unknown genotype (homozygous or heterozygous) with a homozygous recessive individual. If the unknown is heterozygous, then approximately 50% of the offspring should display the recessive phenotype. If the individual is homozygous all the progeny will have the dominant phenotype. James' suggestion to use show the result of the two possible crosses with a Punnet square is a great suggestion.
During sperm penetration, human eggs are still surrounded by follicular cells.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option D.
<h3>What changes does egg undergo for fertilization?</h3>
- An egg goes through a few changes at the hour of sperm penetration during fertilization.
- These progressions happen at the cell surface, in development, physiology and gene expression.
- For fertilization, a sperm should combine with the cell membrane and afterward infiltrate the egg cells.
- Infiltration through the egg cell or extracellular matrix (ECM) is a troublesome task.
- The acrosome of the egg goes through acrosomal reaction to get through the hard shell of cell.
- To go through the follicle cells encompassing the egg or oocyte, the sperm discharges hyaluronidase enzyme.
- This chemical isn't delivered until the sperm comes into contact with the egg cell's zona pellucida.
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