Christopher Columbus was from Genoa Italy and he sailed for Spain .He discovered America and made a total of four trips from 1942- 1504 . He established trades between Europe and Americas which was referred to the new world.
The answer to this question is 4. Industrialization caused urbanization and a population boom.
The Fertile Crescent is referred to as the area between the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, as well as the Nile River.
The Fertile Crescent is located in North-Eastern Egypt, through Israel, to the negev of Turkey, and stretches in a slanted area to the border of the Persian Gulf.
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It was the "Open Door Policy" that was the name of the trading policy that Secretary of State John Hay initiated with China and the European nations that already had a presence there, since the US wanted to benefit from trade with China as well.