When using horizontal differentiation, a firm divides itself into sub units based on function, type of business, or Geographic area
Horizontal differentiation
Is basically concerned with how the firm decides to divide itself into sub units. The decision is typically made on the basis of function, type of business, or geographical area. In many firms, just one of these criteria predominates, but more complex solutions are adopted in others. This is particularly likely in the case of international firms, where the conflicting demands to organize the company around different products (to realize location and experience curve economies) and different national markets (to remain locally responsive) must be reconciled. One solution to this dilemma is to adopt a matrix structure that divides the organization on the basis of both products and national markets.
Functional structure :
A functional structure can work well for a firm that is active in a single line of business and focuses on a single geographic area. But problems can develop once the firm expands into different businesses or geographies.
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Answer
The answer and procedures of the exercise are attached in a microsoft excel document.
Explanation
Please consider the data provided by the exercise. If you have any question please write me back. All the exercises are solved in a single sheet with the formulas indications.
Answer:
I'm not sure what this question is about, but the concept of the income expenditures model and its components is the following:
In the income (or aggregate) expenditures model, its author (Keynes) established certain assumptions in order to analyze how the economy works as a whole. His assumptions included that investment, government spending and net exports were all independent from income level.
When the economy is at equilibrium, total expenditures (GDP) = income level = consumption + government + investment + net exports
Another important assumptions are:
- marginal propensity to consume (MPC) + marginal propensity to save (MPS) = 1
- consumption = autonomous consumption + [MPC x (total income level - taxes)]
Savings = investment increase when disposable income increases or real GDP increases.
This model is used to explain the relationship between labor and production levels, and how they are affected by the economy's total expenditures. By increasing expenditures, the demand for labor and products/services will increase.
It is very important to pay attention to these notes because, it is the notes that will indicate when the use of the combination code is appropriate and it will also point out the codes that are combined into one combination code.