Difficult temperaments, as described by psychologists Thomas and Chess, are characterised by negative moods, reluctance to experience new situations and extreme reactions. This means they cry very often, they have difficulty falling asleep and they will resist any attempt at soothing them.
Children with difficult temperaments can be hard to raise. However, studies claim that the best way to deal with them is to stay calm and responsive.
Butyric acid smells like sweaty socks. When methanol is added and the mixture is heated, no change is visible but a new odor of sweet apples now fills the room.