<u>When two true-breeding or homozygous individuals for dominant and recessive traits are crossed, </u>the resultant is always a dominant trait. The recessive character appears in the following generation when the F1 progeny is self-crossed due to independent segregation and random fusion of gametes.
Further Explanation:
Consider Mendel's experiment on <u>a pea plant in which he used the trait of height as tall and short. </u>On self-pollinating the tall plants, the resulting progeny were all tall while when self-pollination was done for short plants, the resultants were all short. It was found that when true-breeding short (t) plants are bred with the true breeding tall (T) plants, the offspring results in all tall plants in the F1 generation. <u>When this progeny is self-crossed, the F2 generation results in both tall and short plants in a 3:1 ratio.
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<u>Mendel stated that the traits are controlled by genes that are present in pairs of alleles. </u>Each parent contributes the alleles in the pair.<u> Allele 'T' is received from a tall parent while short parent contributes to allele’t’ and they together produce a tall plant. </u>This is because the 'T' allele suppresses the expression of’t’ allele because of its dominant nature. Therefore,’t’ is a recessive allele, and 'T' is a dominant allele.
Cross between true-breeding tall (TT) and short (tt) plant:
Parents: TT x tt
Gametes: T x t
Progeny: Tt (tall, F1 generation)
When F1 generation is self crossed:
Parents: Tt x Tt
Gametes: T, t x T, t
Progeny: TT, Tt, Tt, tt
In the F1 generation, <u>the recessive trait (short plant) was suppressed because of the dominance of the 'T' allele over the’t’ allele.</u> In the following generation, the recessive trait reappeared because of the independent segregation of gametes and their random association with each other.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Chapter: Gene interaction
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
True-breeding, homozygous, genes, alleles, dominant, recessive, independent segregation, random fusion, gametes, progeny, F1 generation, F2 generation.