Impeachment is a long process and lots of times doesn't work in time. This happened with Bill Clinton. He was on trial to be impeached but finished his term before he could be removed from office.
The Republican Party was formed from the Whig Party, since the main issue tying most Whigs together was slavery. The Republican ideology soon became about abolition, as well as federal power over the states.
Perhaps the greatest transportation development that took place during this time was the creation of the railroad, which many travel and the transfer of goods far easier and therefore far cheaper.
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