An ionic bond is a type of a chemical bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom i.e one of the atoms loses its electrons and the other gains it. This results in the formation of 2 oppositely charged ions.
In sodium chloride, sodium loses one electron from its outermost shell (valence shell) whereas chloride gains it. Due to this sodium gains, a net positive charge and chloride gain a net negative charge.
So, due to the complete transfer of electrons that takes place from sodium to chloride, the compound generated (Sodium chloride) has an ionic bond.
No. It is a liquid substance not a living creature that has the characteristics of life. Yes, it may have bacteria or other living creatures that thrive in water but they are their own separate form of life.
Habitat change, climate change, invasive species, over exploitation, and pollution are all factors that can affects the biodiversity of an environment.