Question

1. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are both membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Which statement describes one way in which the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together?
a) The Golgi apparatus assembles proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages them.
b) The endoplasmic reticulum assembles mRNA molecules, and the Golgi apparatus translates them into proteins.
c) The Golgi apparatus assembles mRNA molecules, and the endoplasmic reticulum translates them into proteins.
d) The endoplasmic reticulum assembles


2. The mitochondria in eukaryotic cells is most similar in function to which of the following?
a) military base
b) power plant
c) factory
d) drawbridge

3. A group of students was asked to list some of the similarities and differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. They created the table shown above. The students made a mistake in creating their table. Which statement best describes their mistake? (Points : 2)
a) Prokaryotic cells possess cytoplasm, while eukaryotic cells do not.
b) Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus.
c) Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane.
d) Eukaryotic cells possess ribosomes, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Answer 1

1. Answer;

The ER assembles proteins, and the golgi body modifies and packages them.

Explanation;

• Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are related to each other through their involvement in protein synthesis and transport.
• When a protein is made in the ER, something called a transition vesicle is made which them moves to the Golgi apparatus.
• The Golgi apparatus then packages, transports,  distributes, or stores the contents of the vesicle. After the Golgi apparatus does its work on the contents of the vesicle, a secretory vesicles is created and pinched off into the cytoplasm.

2. Answer

Power plant

Explanation;

• Mitochondria are organelles present in eukaryotic cells, whose roles is to generate energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This energy is in turn used by the cell to drive its activities such as transport and cell division.
• Mitochondria are called the "power plants" of the cell because they are the site of cellular respiration. During the process of cellular respiration energy from organic compounds such as glucose is used to form ATP, which is the cell's energy source for various cellular activities. This is why mitochondria is referred to as a powerhouse of the cell.

3. Answer;

b) Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus.

Explanation;

• Prokaryotic cells are simple cells as compared to eukaryotes, they lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. They also lack cellular organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, etc while eukaryotic cells posses them.
• However, prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells share two basic features: a plasma membrane or cell membrane, and cytoplasm.  Plasma membrane separates the cell and the outer environment. Cytoplasm is a gel-like material encolsed by the plasma membrane and composes the volume of a cell.

Answer 2

The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are both membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Of the statements shown below the one that best describes one way in which the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together is the endoplasmic reticulum assembles many proteins.

Answer: D)

The mitochondria in eukaryotic cells is most similar in function to a power plant. The reason being that they acts as the power plants of the cell.

Answer: B)

I hope it helps, Regards.