1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Greeley [361]
3 years ago
15

Which of the extracts show evidence of bias

English
1 answer:
Afina-wow [57]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Objective To examine the potential for publication bias, data availability bias, and reviewer selection bias in recently published meta-analyses that use individual participant data and to investigate whether authors of such meta-analyses seemed aware of these issues. Design In a database of 383 meta-analyses of individual participant data that were published between 1991 and March 2009, we surveyed the 31 most recent meta-analyses of randomised trials that examined whether an intervention was effective. Identification of relevant articles and data extraction was undertaken by one author and checked by another. Results Only nine (29%) of the 31 meta-analyses included individual participant data from “grey literature” (such as unpublished studies) in their primary meta-analysis, and the potential for publication bias was discussed or investigated in just 10 (32%). Sixteen (52%) of the 31 meta-analyses did not obtain all the individual participant data requested, yet five of these (31%) did not mention this as a potential limitation, and only six (38%) examined how trials without individual participant data might affect the conclusions. In nine (29%) of the meta-analyses reviewer selection bias was a potential issue, as the identification of relevant trials was either not stated or based on a more selective, non-systematic approach. Investigation of four meta-analyses containing data from ≥10 trials revealed one with an asymmetric funnel plot consistent with publication bias, and the inclusion of studies without individual participant data revealed additional heterogeneity between trials. Conclusions Publication, availability, and selection biases are a potential concern for meta-analyses of individual participant data, but many reviewers neglect to examine or discuss them. These issues warn against uncritically viewing any meta-analysis that uses individual participant data as the most reliable. Reviewers should seek individual participant data from all studies identified by a systematic review; include, where possible, aggregate data from any studies lacking individual participant data to consider their potential impact; and investigate funnel plot asymmetry in line with recent guidelines

You might be interested in
A good conclusion for my definition essay on the word Doubt.
NeX [460]

Answer: Doubt, as we can read from the Oxford dictionary means “A feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction.” Throughout our lives many of us have experienced doubt. It’s feeling that we feel as we go about our lives. (Go on about your own experience with doubt),

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
NEED HELP ASAP
oksano4ka [1.4K]

Answer:

D, E

Explanation:

most likely that. someone's personal experiences can be biased!

8 0
3 years ago
Pahelpppppppppppppppp​
murzikaleks [220]

Answer:

read it

Explanation:

ok

thanks have a great day

7 0
3 years ago
How can dementia residents be a problem in society? What should be my main point in my analysis essay regarding dementia residen
shusha [124]

Answer:

Alzheimer’s disease can devastate a person’s ability to socialize, but being among other people is incredibly important for our loved ones with Alzheimer’s or related dementia. Social interaction is healthy, like exercise for the brain, and can slow symptoms including deteriorating memory. In fact, staying socially engaged with friends and family has been shown to boost self-esteem, which for people with dementia means better eating habits, more exercise, and better sleep.

Think of interaction as a challenge. Your loved one may understandably want to be alone because thinking has become difficult, especially in middle stages of dementia, but getting out and carrying on conversations forces the brain to be active. Someone with dementia might spend time daydreaming, inside their own head, and this internal place can become too comfortable. Being able to transition from inside to outside the mind, from daydreaming to speaking with another person, is an important skill to maintain. Socialization achieves this as well.

Human interaction also grounds a person in the present. Someone with dementia is prone to losing track of time and setting, perhaps not even knowing what’s happening in front of their eyes. Social contact can maintain a sense of reality.

And humans are social creatures! Being with each other to talk and share experiences nurtures the soul. Feeling a sense of belonging is, of course, better than feeling alone.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
PLEAS HELP, DESPERATELY NEED IT Name three differences between Theseus and Odysseus WILL MARK BRAINLEST
Doss [256]

Answer:

Theseus defeated the minotaur. Odysseus didn't. Odysseus met Calypso. Theseus didn't. Odysseus met Polyphemus. Theseus didn't.

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Read the outline below and answer the question that follows. Thesis statement: Although many young people want to leave their fa
    13·2 answers
  • Like predicting __________ helps the reader remember and understand what's happening in a story
    6·2 answers
  • in aishas culture women are expected to help provide for a family's financial well being while in Leila culture that role is exp
    14·1 answer
  • Who should i pay tribute to for my commemorative speech?
    10·1 answer
  • Subordinating conjunction usually introduces a(n): adjective clause adverb clause noun clause prepositional phrase
    12·1 answer
  • Need answered asap please will mark brainliest!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    11·2 answers
  • Recognizing Nonrestrictive Modifiers
    10·2 answers
  • According to Lucinda Matlock in her epitaph in the Spoon River Anthology, what is the cure for the degenerate sons and daughters
    5·1 answer
  • Write a paragraph describing about your room.​
    10·2 answers
  • 4.<br> After thirty years of<br> (serve, servant, preserve, service)
    10·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!