Dr. Deveraux has conducted a study that has resulted in a null effect. Nonetheless, she suspects that there truly is a causal re
lationship between her independent and dependent variables. Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be to blame?a. A reverse confound b. An insensitive measure
c. Too many participants
d. A weak manipulation
A dependent variable represents a quantity whose value depends on how the independent variable is manipulated
An independent variable is a variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment
A causal relation between two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes the other
The first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect
One way to determine whether a relationship between variables is causal is based on three criteria for research design: temporal precedence meaning that the hypothesized cause happens before the measured effect;co-variation of the cause and effect meaning that there is an established relationship between the two variables regardless of causation; and a lack of plausible alternative explanations
Here in this case too may participants cannot be the criteria for a causal relationship between the two variables
