<em>Answer:</em>
<em>discriminative stimulus </em>
<em>Explanation:</em>
<em>In psychology,</em><em> the discriminative stimulus is determined as one of the precursor stimuli that is supposed to have a stimulus control over a specific behavior due to the fact that the behavior was formerly reinforced in the presence of that particular stimulus in the past. In other words, it tends to set the event for specific behaviors that have already been reinforced in its presence in the "past".</em>
<em>As per the question, the mentioned statement represents the discriminative stimulus.</em>
In Gideon v. Wainwright the court referred to the sixth amendment when deciding that Gideon’s rights had been violated. Option B is an appropriate response.
What is the significance of the Sixth Amendment?
The Sixth Amendment ensures the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to an unbiased jury, the right to a public trial without undue delay, the right to counsel, and the right to know the identity of your accusers as well as the specifics of the allegations and supporting documentation.
In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court upheld Gideon's right to legal representation in both federal and state courts. After the judgment, Gideon was given a second chance to defend himself and was found not guilty.
Hence, Option B is an appropriate response.
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Absolute deprivation is an easier framework to use to address poverty as opposed to relative deprivation because absolute deprivation allows the focus to be on those who need the most help.
<h3>What are absolute deprivation and relative deprivation?</h3>
Absolute deprivation refers to the inability to meet one's fundamental physical needs, e.g. food, clothing, shelter.
However, relative deprivation is a socio-cultural phenomenon that occurs when individuals are unable to obtain what the majority of others in their society can.
Absolute deprivation is often described as a minimum degree of need that allows a person to sustain and participate effectively in society.
Therefore, absolute deprivation allows us to shift our interest in addressing poverty rather than from relatively deprived aspect.
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Answer:
Sovereignty.
Explanation:
'Sovereignty' is described as the authority or power to govern or rule itself without any kind of interference or intrusion from any other sources. Such a condition or state allows the state to be self-governed or sovereign and possess the authority to make laws and control their resources on their own without the coercion of any other bodies or nations.
As per the question, the people of Kurdistan would have a struggle to attain '<u>sovereignty</u>' or 'self-governance' as the region traverses over four other states and which makes it difficult to reach a mutual decision to self-govern or control their resources or make laws for them.
Answer:
c. May file a qui tam suit in connection with an FFCA case.
Explanation:
The False Claims Act, also known as anti fraud law, (31 U.S.C. Sections 3729 through 3733) is considered to be the earliest qui tam law (which otherwise means "in the name of the King"), was first passed into law in 1863 and then later got amended in 1943 and 1986.
Hence, under the the False Claims Act, qui tam allows an individual or group of people (which are often referred to as whistle blower) with tenable proof of fraud against federal programs or contracts to sue the culprit on behalf of the United States Government. Thus, the government has the right to join or intervene in the action, however, should the government refused to join in the action, the whistleblower or the private plaintiff can proceed in the proceedings.
It is also pertinent to note that, a "qui tam" action can be filed in a federal district court in camera, under seal and in accordance to federal rules of civil procedure.
There are protection provisions provided for whistleblower under FFCA (Federal False Claims Act) and they are:
1. Reinstatement to work
2. Payment of double back pay
3. Compensation for any special damages such as cost of litigation process.
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