According to the book, classical conditioning is a sort of learning in which a person learns to link two or more inputs and predict occurrences. To teach a youngster not to run into the street, it must be exposed to stimuli that are associated with not doing so.
Classical conditioning is a behavioral process in which biologically potent stimuli are paired with previously neutral stimuli. It also refers to the learning process resulting from this pairing, in which neutral stimuli usually elicit responses similar to those elicited by strong stimuli.
Classical conditioning differs from operant conditioning. In operant conditioning, the strength of voluntary behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment. However, classical conditioning can influence operant conditioning in different ways. In particular, classically conditioned stimuli help reinforce operant responses.
Classical conditioning was first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov conducted experiments on dogs and published the results in 1897. During a gastrointestinal study of Russian physiologists, Pavlov observed that the dogs he used as test subjects drooled when offered meat.
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Aspects of a study conducted of cars in a certain country will be to determine the general traits of consumer buying and motorists. This could include: whether a car runs on diesel or electricity to gain information for a survey on pollution of motor vehicles; also, size of a car, the frequency of use, the purpose of use, how old a car is and how many passengers are generally seated in the car. All of these factors can be used to glean invaluable information for the automotive industry, as well as for scientific studies and governments.
