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The history of civil rights in the twentieth-century United States is inseparable from the history of the Great Migration. From the end of World War I through the 1970s, extraordinary numbers of African Americans chose to leave the South with its pervasive system of legalized racism and move to cities in the North and West. While we often associate the Great Migration with the decades around the two World Wars, historians have recently established that many more people moved away from the South after 1940 than before. Between 1940 and 1980, five million African Americans moved to the urban North and West, more than twice the number associated with the first wave of migration from 1915 to 1940.
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The 14th Amendment was issued around the <em>Reconstruction period</em>, basically to provide equal rights to slave descendants after the Civil War, granting <em>citizenship to all people</em> born or naturalized in the country, and it has become kind of the main provision in the USA Constitution to enforce Civil Rights and prevent violations; but it was only until the <em>Civil Rights Era</em> around the 1950s and 1960s that really became effective; affairs such as <em>"Jim Crow laws"</em>, <em>white supremacy</em> organizations, multiple segregation policies, voter suppression mechanisms such as <em>"The white primries"</em>, poll taxes and some others like <em>literacy tests</em> vastly impeded the effectiveness of the Amandment for a long time.
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As additional forces came to Alaric’s side, Emperor Honorius did little to help the city and oppose Alaric. The Goths were still viewed as barbarians and no match for the armies of the empire. Although the treasury was virtually empty, the Senate finally succumbed, and wagons left the city carrying two tons of gold, 13 tons of silver, 4,000 silk tunics, 3,000 fleeces, and 3,000 pounds of pepper. Alaric eased the siege, still hoping to negotiate terms, but Honorius remained blind to the seriousness of the situation. While temporarily agreeing to Alaric’s demands - something he never intended to honor - 6,000 Roman soldiers were sent to the city but were quickly defeated by Alaric’s brother-in-law Athaulf.
