The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was created and founded during the collapse of the colonial system and the independence struggles of the peoples of Africa, Asia, Latin America and other regions of the world and at the height of the Cold War. During the early days of the Movement, its actions were a key factor in the decolonization process, which led later to the attainment of freedom and independence by many countries and peoples and to the founding of tens of new sovereign States. Throughout its history, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries has played a fundamental role in the preservation of world peace and security.
While some meetings with a third-world perspective were held before 1955, historians consider that the Bandung Asian-African Conference is the most immediate antecedent to the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement. This Conference was held in Bandung on April 18-24, 1955 and gathered 29 Heads of States belonging to the first post-colonial generation of leaders from the two continents with the aim of identifying and assessing world issues at the time and pursuing out joint policies in international relations.
The principles that would govern relations among large and small nations, known as the "Ten Principles of Bandung", were proclaimed at that Conference. Such principles were adopted later as the main goals and objectives of the policy of non-alignment. The fulfillment of those principles became the essential criterion for Non-Aligned Movement membership; it is what was known as the "quintessence of the Movement" until the early 1990s.
In 1960, in the light of the results achieved in Bandung, the creation of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries was given a decisive boost during the Fifteenth Ordinary Session of the United Nations General Assembly, during which 17 new African and Asian countries were admitted. A key role was played in this process by the then Heads of State and Government Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Ahmed Sukarno of Indonesia and Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, who later became the founding fathers of the movement and its emblematic leaders.
Six years after Bandung, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries was founded on a wider geographical basis at the First Summit Conference of Belgrade, which was held on September 1-6, 1961. The Conference was attended by 25 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Yemen, Myanmar, Cambodia, Srilanka, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Yugoslavia.
The Founders of NAM have preferred to declare it as a movement but not an organization in order to avoid bureaucratic implications of the latter.
The membership criteria formulated during the Preparatory Conference to the Belgrade Summit (Cairo, 1961) show that the Movement was not conceived to play a passive role in international politics but to formulate its own positions in an independent manner so as to reflect the interests of its members.
Thus, the primary of objectives of the non-aligned countries focused on the support of self-determination, national independence and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States; opposition to apartheid; non-adherence to multilateral military pacts and the independence of non-aligned countries from great power or block influences and rivalries; the struggle against imperialism in all its forms and manifestations; the struggle against colonialism, neocolonialism, racism, foreign occupation and domination; disarmament; non-interference into the internal affairs of States and peaceful coexistence among all nations; rejection of the use or threat of use of force in international relations; the strengthening of the United Nations; the democratization of international relations; socioeconomic development and the restructuring of the international economic system; as well as international cooperation on an equal footing.
Since its inception, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries has waged a ceaseless battle to ensure that peoples being oppressed by foreign occupation and domination can exercise their inalienable right to self-determination and independence.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries played a key role in the struggle for the establishment of a new international economic order that allowed all the peoples of the world to make use of their wealth and natural resources and provided a wide platform for a fundamental change in international economic relations and the economic emancipation of the countries of the
The Purpose of the non-a;ignm,ent policy: 1. To gain independance for nations of Southeast and asia 2.To seperate smaller independant nations from thje cold war superpowers 3. Tp create a third cold war superpower made up of smaller nations. 4. Stregthen relatiopns between Southeast asian mationsd and the west.
Five principals for asia: 1. Mutuald respect for each others territorial integrity and soverity. 2. Mutual non-aggression 3. Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs 4. Equality and mutual benefit 5. Peaceful co-existance.
Most of the battles in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War took place in Virginia because the Confederacy had to defend its national capital at Richmond. By the time General Robert E. Lee surrendered in 1865, much of the state had been ravaged by war.
Green revolution refers to the drastic increase in food production during 1960s in the developing countries.
Two intended outcomes: 1. HYV seeds enhance the productivity level. 2. Use of modern machinaries promote huge yield per unit of land.
Two unintended outcomes: 1. Loss of soil fertility. 2. Increase of salinity in under ground water.
Explanation:
In 1960s green revolution brought a drastic change in India's agricultural pattern. Yield per unit of land increase rapidly. It introduced the use of modern machineries, pesticide & weedicides in the crop land, HYV (High yielding variety) seeds etc.
Besides due to green revolution pollution level rise up, salinity level in the ground water increases and even the soil fertility level decreases. Huge and frequent use of pesticides and insecticides promotes soil erosion and crop rotation, multiple cropping system reduces soil fertility level.
Sheriff. Smith served as Sheriff of Dutchess County during the Revolutionary War. With this position, he became part of the commission which attempted to root out Loyalist sympathy in the area. This was important because of the county's close proximity to British held New York
Explanation: I think it is B, because if i remember correctly Italy was one of the main countries pushing the Renaissance movement, so artists coming to Italy for inspiration for the Renaissance paintings wouldn't be far off. Hope u find it helpful!
Explanation: A grounded essay contains arguments that support the main idea and convince the reader of its correctness. Argumentative essay includes a comprehensive discussion of an issue at hand, as well as strong arguments that may convince or reader the accuracy of the author's point of view.
