<span>genetic variation in asexual species may have large effects on community and ecosystem functions, increasing their stability, productivity, and species richness.</span>
It indicates what elements is composed by and how many atoms of one element are linked to the other.
For example, this is the formula for table salt is:
NaCl
The formula indicates that table salt (sodium chloride) is composed by sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) on a 1:1 ratio.
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
Correct answer: B). Shelter wood cutting takes place over several years
Shelterwood cutting is the progressively cutting of the forest, in order to establish the growth of the new generation of the seedlings of a particular species without planting.
It is a method of natural tree reproduction under the shelter of old trees, which are removed successively by cutting the tree in order to provide the increased amount of light to the new seedlings. It is a slow process and takes lot of time.
