The causes of male infertility include; the abnormal production and function of sperm caused by infections or genetic defects, challenges in delivery of sperm caused by blockage in the testicles or genetic disorders, overexposure to certain environmental conditions including cigarette smoking that affects fertility and damage caused by cancer and its treatment.
The opportunity cost of spending more money on finding a cure for heart disease is the money that needs to be taken out of funding to find the cure for other diseases.
Protective equipment is designed to prevent the common injuries that can occur for each sport. While protective equipment does not completely eliminate the chance for injury, it does significantly reduce the risk.