Answer:
What city is marked by the letter A? Why is that city important?
The city marked by the letter A is Moscow. It is important because it is the current capital and largest city of the Russian federation, as it was the largest and capital of the Soviet Union.
Which region is marked by the letter B? Why is it controversial?
The region is Crimea, which consists of the peninsula of the same name, in between the black sea and Ukraine. It is controversial because this region as annexed by Russia several years ago, against the will of the Ukrainian government. This was justified on the basis that most of the Crimean population is of Russian origin, not of Ukrainian origin.
What body of water is indicated by the letter D? What happened there due to soviet rule?
The body of water is the Aral Sea. This inland sea, which used to be one of the largest in the world, has practically disappeared, and most of the blame falls on the Soviet Union lack of sound environmental policy. The lake was drained mainly due to over irrigation of the surrounding zones, and to desertification.
Answer:
it would be A) The Ottoman Collapse caused a lack of political unity in the region
At a fundamental level, water provides electrons to replace those removed from chlorophyll in photosystem II. Also, water produces oxygen as well as reduces NADP to NADPH (required in the Calvin cycle) by liberating H+ ions
During the process of photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water react in the presence of sunlight to form one glucose molecule and six molecules of oxygen. The role of water is to release oxygen (O) from the water molecule into the atmosphere in the form of oxygen gas (O2).
Water also has another important role of being an electron feeder. In the process of photosynthesis, water provides the electron that binds the hydrogen atom (of a water molecule) to the carbon (of carbon dioxide) to give sugar (glucose).
Water acts as a reducing agent by providing H+ ions that convert NADP to NADPH. Since NADPH is an important reducing agent present in chloroplasts, its production results in a deficit of electrons, resulting from oxidation of chlorophyll. This loss of electron must be fulfilled by electrons from some other reducing agent. Photosystem II involves the first few steps of the Z-scheme (the diagram of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis) and therefore a reducing agent that can donate electrons is required to oxidize chlorophyll, which is provided by water (acting as a source of electrons in green plants and cynobacteria). Hydrogen ions thus released create a chemical potential (chemiosmotic) across the membrane that finally results in synthesis of ATP. Photosystem II is the primary known enzyme that acts as catalyst in this oxidation of water.
