Answer:
When the Bolsheviks took power in November 1917, Russia was in chaos: supply shortages, soldiers in mutiny refusing to continue to fight with the German and the Austrian armies, hunger, disease and uncertainty. The terrible perfomance in the battles of the WWI Eastern Front and Russia´s unpreparedness for the war exacted a huge cost.
The Bolsheviks took power from a temporary democratic goverment that had assumed its powers in February 1917 thanks to an uprising in St. Petersburg. Their government was headed by Vladimir Ilich Lenin, the top leader. His government nationalized land and gave it to peasants, soviets (councils) of workers and peasants demanded empowerment. The war with Germany and Austro-Hungary continued, with the Russian army losing battles and territory.
In that situation, Lenin decided the new authorities should focus on domestic issues, and stop the war. Bolshevik Russia and Germany negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and signed it in early 1918. It brought peace with a huge price for Russia: it lost millions of people of its population and agreed to enormous territorial losses.
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