The three outstanding events that took place in 1619 were the following:
- The first slaves were brought to America. The first 19 black men arrived in 1619, brought by Dutchmen, close to Jamestown, Virgina. This was simply the beginning of slavery as a two century "institution" in America.
- The London Company sent women to America (to Jamestown) to become wives of the inhabitants (planters). It was a mechanism to turn settlements there more permanent by making these men happier.
- Representative government came to America. The so-called General Assembly of the colony of Virginia took place in 1619 and was the first representative assembly in English America. The first reunion was at Jamestown church on the 4th August. Virgina Company's regulations were adopted and some laws enacted.
Among these fundamental natural lights locke said are life liberty and property locke believed that the most basic human law of nature is the preservation of menkind
Glasnost, (Russian: “openness”) Soviet policy of open discussion of political and social issues. It was instituted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s and began the democratization of the Soviet Union.
Picking a primary motivation, I'd say liberalism was the leading factor in the 1848 revolutions. There was a growing tide of liberalism, which emphasized the liberty of individuals and thus desired to reform governments in the direction of more republican and constitutional forms. This was in opposition to the dominant conservatism of the 19th century, which valued maintaining (conserving) the old institutions of monarchy and aristocracy.
A second factor involved in a number of the revolutions was nationalism, a desire for people of like culture and language and background to be joined together in one society.
As a case in point, the 1848 revolution that occurred in the German states had both a liberal aspect to it (driven by university students and professors), as well as a nationalist aspect, wanting to unite the various German kingdoms and principalities into a cohesive German state.
The revolutions of 1848 for the most part did not achieve their goals, but they did sow the seeds for later changes that would come.
