Answer: stimulus
The students reaction is explained by the theory of classical conditioning first coined by Ivan Pavlov. The students are conditioned to associate the doer closing with the pop quiz and respond accordingly. Pavlov used dogs and their response to ringing a bell every time their food was served, after a some conditioning the dogs would salivate at the sound of the bell regardless of whether or not food was present. The bell was the stimulus.
Answer: The correct answer is : Machiavellianis
Explanation: Machiavelli's doctrines were universally rejected by all monarchies. There are two kinds of princes for Machiavelli: those who listen and those who do not listen. If the prince is weak, he must resort to cunning rather than force and not be a slave to his word, but to his convenience.
Schenectady County, New York
Answer:
between 62 and 98.
Explanation:
This question can be solved faily easy:
We denote "B" as the value average of the four test values for B score (between 80 - 89) and "X" as the score on the 4th test so to find the range of values that Alice needs to score in the 4th test we only have to replace in the next formula:


We reformulate the equation in function of B
We have the next range of values for "B" (80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89), we replace those values in the formula and operate to get the range of values we need to score in the 4th test.










As we can see for Alice to get a B for the semester she needs to score on the 4th test a score between 62 and 98 points.