Augustine
Explanation:
- In his work St. Augustine gives a Christian synthesis of world-historical processes and shows that it is connected with God's plans and intentions. His proposition that the course of the history of mankind is predetermined by the will of God is commonly regarded in literature as the first conception of the philosophy of history.
- St. Augustine believes that humanity with its history stands in unity with the history of God, but in separate spheres, and that this manifests itself as a struggle between two states (cities): terrestrial (civitas terrain), in which self-loving, evil, and sinful people, and God's (civitas Dei), which gathers around the Christian church a smaller part of humanity, who deserves the mercy and salvation of God through his moral and religious conduct.
- The premise of belonging to God’s state based on God’s love is obedience to God and the church. This state, which is absolutely good, is fighting an earthly one that is absolutely evil and ultimately wins. The final victory of the good establishes the kingdom of God on earth.
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The correct answer is letter D. There was a wave of attacks in Western Europe in the Middle Age which has destroyed almost completely the Roman Empire, and has diminished the population. Even with such attacks Western Europe managed not to fall apart, and the Church had a big role. While the Roman Empire collapsed, the Church took over many government functions. The attacks were protagonized by ostrogoths, visigoths, vandals, vikings, muslims, persians, saxons.
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Before the Crimean war, Russia had a very weak economy with little industrialization compared to the Western European powers. This was in part due to serfdom and a greedy upper-class. However, after the Crimean war, Alexander II enacted various reforms including the emancipation of serfdom. This would pave the way for Russia to begin its process of industrialization. True industrialization didn’t kick off in Russia until the late 1800’s with reforms by Tsar Nicholas II and the minister of finance, Sergei Witte . Russia’s economy had a notable increase between 1890 and 1910, due in part to higher exports of natural resources and the expansion of the Trans- Siberian Railway. “Russia’s economic progress in the eleven years of Witte’s tenure as minister of finance was, by every standard, remarkable. Railway track-age virtually doubled, coal output in southern Russia jumped from 183 million pounds in 1890 to 671 million in 1900″(Llewellyn).
The economic and industrial growth during this period would become the foundation of Russia later in the century. However, Russia still had a variety of problems when it came to industrialization and its side effects. One negative side effect of industrialization was the influx of population in Russian cities. Unlike other industrialized countries, Russia’s cities did not grow to accommodate their growing populations. Workers in the cities experienced poor and unsanitary living conditions as well as long hours with little pay. Due to the past history of serfdom in Russia, there was little technological advancements and people who had the capacity to create technologies for the industrial revolution. As a result, Russia suffered and ended up relying on other countries for the machinery and technology that was needed to sustain the growth of the revolution. The generators above give an example of how the foundation of Russia’s industrial revolution was based off of other countries. Russia also faced problems such as pressure from outside markets and typical international economic fluctuations. Other problems included a lack of venture capitalists and low labor productivity, as well as a struggling domestic market due to a largely poor population(Freeze, 217). Even though Russia had an industrial revolution with a variety of problems associated with it, the economic growth was something new that Russia needed which would help pave the way for Russia’s future advancements.
Certain states have certain laws and regulation against hateful comments and action taken on certain groups of people.
The point of the pact was to maintain peace and stop another war. So it’s answer D
