Answer:Indirect effects can be defined as the impact of one organism or species on another, mediated or transmitted by a third. For example, a caterpillar may exert a direct effect on a plant by eating it.
Explanation:
The life cycle stages of a plant would be seeds → germination→growth→maturity→pollination→fertilisation→seeds etc etc.
so I would say the life cycle stages not found in animals would be either pollination or germination.