Question

How do the trials Santiago experiences in the desert develop the theme in The Alchemist?

Answer 1

The trials that Santiago experienced in the desert developed this theme in The Alchemist: 

Santiago must overcome external and internal obstacles; this develops the theme that we must face new challenges to realize our true purpose.

In the story, Santiago went out to an adventure to look for treasure, he encountered many obstacles and in the end, his adventures led him to where he started. His experiences led him to know himself more and to find his purpose in life.