A Government that operates based on fear and ideologies can happen in an Oligarchy, but it can also happen in dictatorships, republics and even in democracy, when populist and extreme governments are in power. For example the left in Venezuela and the most recent case, the extreme right in Brazil.
What characterizes an oligarchic government is that power is concentrated in the hands of the few, usually in the hands of a powerful family.
The correct answer here is the third option which would be C.
Rule by fear and ideology is not oligarchy instead, oligarchy is a rule by a
small number of people who hold the most power in the country. The power may
rest in the hands of nobles, military, rich families, corporate owners or even
religious leaders. The term was coined by Aristotle and it was used to denote
the rule of the rich which is synonymous with plutocracy.
