There are several ways in which the U.S. increased western settlement in the 1800's, but by far the most important action was the creation of the Homestead Act.
The Mesopotamians made many technological discoveries. They were the first to use the potter's wheel to make better pottery, they used irrigation to get water to their crops, they used bronze metal (and later iron metal) to make strong tools and weapons, and used looms to weave cloth from wool.
Answer:
A main difference is the context of the war. The American Revolution was caused by a majority of the America population becoming unhappy because of how the British were ruling them. The French Revolution started between the French lower class and the French government.
Hope this helps ;-)
There wouldn't be a USA, and...
the Indians would still have pretty much all of the Middle-west of the USA.
Hawaii would still be under their kings/queens
Alaska would still be part of russia
China would pretty much never had any technological progress (they isolated themselves)
Japan would still be going around with pretty much katanas.
etc etc
if you want more i can give you more (if you want information on why one is on the list, post it in the comments)
hope this helps