The physical tool, plants, and equipment that allow for increased work productivity. Ex: hammers, tractors, assembly belts, computers, trucks, and railroads.
Economists divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The first factor of production is land, but this includes any natural resource used to produce goods and services.
China was very advanced in the middle ages, including the silk road. Although it is fair to say that merchants brought spices and other valuable goods, the Black Death was NOT one of them.
