On the eve of the 19th century, in 1781, French-American immigrant Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur wrote a letter, the third in his famed Letters from an American Farmer, entitled “What Is An American?” His answer, as open for interpretation as it might be, was best been articulated in his fourth paragraph: “The American,” he writes, “is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions” (2). Two centuries later, however, American journalist James Fallows wrote an article entitled “Immigration: How It’s Affecting Us,” which almost entirely contradicts the nationalism that appears in de Crevecoeur’s essay. While both of the texts deal with this concept of “new,” the differentiation in pride and lack thereof the authors express in presenting the immigrant story reveals a difference in both personal perspective and an unfortunate lack of progress in the United States.
<span>He organized his empire by splitting up Songhai into provinces. Askia Muhummad set up an organized tax system as well. During his rule Islam spread through the empire using Muslim Scholars. These scholars brought the idea of Islam to areas who had little contact with it. These scholars converted many into the Islamic Religion. Under his rule, the empire became a center of trade and learning.</span>
45 million people were worked, starved, or beaten to death in China over a period of 4 years.
