The initial assessment of bats suggested they lacked the ability to synthesize vitamin C (Birney, Jenness, and Ayaz 1976). However, several recent studies have shown that approximately two thirds of different bat species have functionally expressed GULO genes (Cui et al. 2011a; Cui et al. 2011b). The various bat taxon taxa that lack the ability to make vitamin C have varying levels of deletion degradation in their GULOgenes and the patterns of sequence variation show that they are lineage independent events. Trying to explain the discontinuous GULO deletion patterns within a common descent paradigm has produced a variety of difficult contradictions for a coherent model of bat<span> evolution </span>(Cui et al. 2011b).
Loss of vitamin C pathway function and GULO gene degradation has also been detected in guinea pigs, great apes, and humans (Lachapelle and Drouin 2011; Nishikimi, Kawai, and Yagi 1992; Nishikimi et al. 1994; Ohta and Nishikimi 1999). In addition, naturally occurring scurvy and osteogenic disease pathologies related to GULO inactivating mutations and large-scale deletions have been documented in rats, mice, and pigs (Harris et al. 2005; Hasan et al. 2004; Jiao et al. 2005; Kawai et al. 1992; Mohan et al. 2005). Thus, degradation of the GULO gene in a wide array of mammals and birds is a relatively common occurrence.
Answer:
The differences are;
1) Agrovoltaics is the development of a piece of land for use in agriculture and electricity generation by photovoltaic panels
Flotovoltaic is the development of water bodies for the generation of solar power by mounting solar on platforms placed over a water body rather than on land
2) With agrovoltaics, solar power, breeding of livestock, and crop production can take place on the the same land which increases profitability and reduces the cost of electricity production by solar energy
3) The efficiency of the generation of power from solar energy on the agrovoltaic system is lower than the efficiency of solar power generation through the agrovoltaic system
The similarities are;
1) Both systems seek to maximize the use of space for solar power generation
2) The source of power generation is solar power in both systems
3) Both systems make use of solar panels for the generation of electricity
Explanation:
ANSWER: the organisms in the air, on land, and in the water
REASONING: A <u>biosphere</u> is defined as an ecological system that comprises of all living things, and their relationships and interactions with the living and non living things around them. The first three answers only considers certain parts of the system, and the correct answer considers all parts.
To send information from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands - is the purpose of motor neuron
Explanation:
As part of the central nervous system (CNS), the motor neurons connect the brain and spinal cord to all the muscles and glands present all over the body and innervates them.
Their main function is to transmit nerve impulses from the CNS to the muscles, both skeletal and smooth, and directly controls the movements of the muscles of the body.
A motor neuron is a typical nerve cell with multipolar body. It can be upper of lower motor neuron.
Right from snapping of fingers to movements of hamstrings, all muscular movements functions due to impulse carried by the motor neurons.
Degeneration of the motor neurons leads to neurodegenerative diseases like spinal muscular atrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
