In the confidence interval method the sample data must come from a population that is normally distributed with no outliers.
A confidence interval is a range of values derived from observable data at a desired level of confidence that may include the parameter's true value. The confidence level, such as a 95% confidence level, refers to the accuracy of the estimating process rather than the degree of assurance that the computed confidence interval accurately represents the true value of the parameter under investigation. Confidence intervals are typically written as (some value) ± (a range). The range can be expressed as a percentage or as a real amount. The equation used to determine the confidence interval varies depending on which standard deviation is known.
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The Ghana empire ruled before great empires of Mali and Songhai,
Explanation:
The two empires of the region , along with Ghana were the last great owners of the Saharan Africa before colonialism and had been there for a long time thus.
They were profiting from the trade routes set up in the time of the rule of Mansa Musa
This is the time of the precedence of the Ghana empire in the whole region which then broke up into small pieces and then the great empires of Mali and Songhai sprung up after it.