Answer:
Explanation:
the first entrepreneurs can be traced back to nearly 20,000 years ago. The first known trading between humans took place in New Guinea around 17,000 BCE, where locals would exchange obsidian (a volcanic glass prized for its use in hunting tools) for other needed goods – like tools, skins, and food.
This early type of entrepreneurship continued for millennia. Hunter-gatherer tribes would trade goods from different parts of their respective regions to provide an overall benefit for their tribe.
The Expansion of Trade Routes from 2000 BCE Onward
Between the Agricultural Revolution and 2000 BCE, cities started to appear around the world. Early areas of civilization were concentrated around rivers, particularly the Nile, the Tigris and Euphrates, the Indus, and the Yellow and Yangtze.
By 3,000 BCE, cities in Sumeria (modern day Iraq) contained tens of thousands of people. The city of Uruk, found on the banks of the Euphrates, was home to 50,000 people in the same amount of space that would have previously supported just one tribe of hunter-gatherers.
As cities sprang up around the world, entrepreneurship took an important turn. Entrepreneurs were still specializing in all of the areas listed above (pottery, carpentry, tool-making, etc.). But they began to realize that profits could be made by trading between cities and cultures.
The right international trade route could make an entrepreneur very wealthy. Some of the popular trade routes at the time included:
Trading salt from Africa across the Roman Empire
Trading technologies like Chinese paper-making around the world
Trading rice from China across Asia
Trading coffee, lemons, and oranges from Arabia into Europe
Trading complex ideas like the Arabic number system into Europe (this occurred in the year 1200 thanks to an Italian trader named Leonardo Fibonacci).
Trading gunpowder (a combination of carbon, sulphur, and potassium nitrate) from China to other parts of the world
Weapons trading was particularly important in these early times. Iron was discovered around 2000 BCE, and the civilizations that controlled iron were able to dominate other civilizations. This would lead to the world’s first empires, including Alexander the Great’s Empire, the Han Chinese Empire, the Roman Empire, and the Persian Empire.
Entrepreneurs that were able to trade military goods that created empires were justifiably rewarded for their work. Thus, some of the most successful early entrepreneurs traded the means of warfare around the world.
Of course, trade routes were about more than just raw resources and goods. They were also about ideas and technologies. In this way, entrepreneurs were responsible for spreading ideas around the world
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