The battle of Poitiers---better known as the battle of Tours 732 CE. The franks obviously prepared to resist the muslims so their victory indicates they viewed muslim expansion into europe as a threat.
There are multiple documents. for example, Thomas Paine's "Common Sense", Thomas Paine's "The Crisis", and Thomas Jefferson "Declaration of Independence".
The answer is D , The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan in China (in 1271)
The answer would likely be C! Natural selection cannot select what a species need, the adaptions may be positive or negative.