It is true that they had the different types of rule as the Italian city-states have always been very self-suficient in a way (mostly politically not so much economically). This lead to a system or method called autonamy where each city-state more or less had the right for self-government. This also depended on the area of life we're referring to.
It should be Bias and false hope it helps a bit :)
<span>The correct answer is individual achievement</span>
Western society values the freedoms and liberties of the
individual as well as the individual’s pursuit of happiness and personal
fulfillment. Individual achievement involves personal success and marks a
departure from traditional view where emphasis on the tribe often overwhelmed the individual