Answer:
Depending on the stimulus, graded potentials can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. Action potentials always lead to depolarization of membrane and reversal of the membrane potential. Amplitude is proportional to the strength of the stimulus. ... Duration of graded potentials may be a few milliseconds to seconds.
Explanation:
Depends of the surface, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation
Answer: Fruit will not brown. Browning requires a functional enzyme.
Explanation:
Genetic engineering refers to the manipulation of an organism's genes. Scientists use a variety of molecular tools and techniques to cut up and join genetic material from different species and to introduce this new hybrid DNA into another organisms. <u>The overall goal is to add or remove an organism's genetic makeup for the better, or to transfer DNA code from one species into the other, in order to form new combinations or heritable genetic material.</u>
Enzymatic browning is a reaction that occurs in fruits which results in negative effects on characteristics such as taste, color, and nutritional value. This reaction is a caused by phenolic compounds' oxidation by an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, which causes the generation of dark pigments. This is often seen in apples which are rich in this enzymes and susceptible to this enzymatic browning.
If through genetic engineering, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the apple browing is removed, then this enzyme cannot be produced by the apple. Consequently, apples will not brown<u>,</u> because there will not be a polyphenol oxidase that oxidates the phenolic compounds.
Answer:
Dehydration
Explanation:
What causes bacteria to die in an extremely salty environment is dehydration due to the loss of osmotic balance in their cells.
Water molecules would normally move from the region of high water potential or low solute concentration to the region of low water potential or high solute concentration through a biologically permeable membrane.
<em>An extremely salty environment would be hypertonic to the cells of bacteria and the cell walls of bacteria act as biologically permeable membranes. Hence, the bacteria cells lose water due to the osmotic movement of water from their cells to the surrounding salty environment. </em>
Is there an image? in the question?
