Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE is a method of naming and classification used for naming and classifying living organism in their respective taxa in accordance with their characteristics.
CARLOUS LINEOUS was the scientist who developed this system.
It is confusing to use common names because common names have no scientific basis and are of no use while naming organism also many organisms may have different common names in different areas of world.
Scientists use Latin or Greek language for naming and classification.
The first name in a scientific name is the genus name.
The second name in a scientific name is the specie name.
<span>utilization of food molecules and energy in life processes ---fermintation assmilation </span>occurring on the presence of oxygen--aerobic <span>occurring in the absence of oxygen ----anaerobic </span><span>the stage of respiration that occurs in anaerobic conditions—for example, yeast ----fermentation </span><span>
