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Explanation:
Any change in a gene or chromosome
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Explanation:
Ans.
Protein synthesis involves formation of proteins, during which information present in DNA is used to make polypeptide chains. Hence, amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain is determined by the sequence that may differ in different species having proteins with same amino acid sequence.
Thus, the molecules that are used to compare different species with proteins having exact same amino acid sequences are DNA molecules.
Protein synthesis includes two steps, transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA gets converted into RNA by RNA polymerase enzyme, while during translation, RNA provides information to make proteins.
In RNA information is present as triplets of nucleotides, known as codon. Each code codes for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons, while number of protein-forming amino acids is 20. Hence, one amino acid can be coded by more than one codon and this property of codons is known as degeneracy of codons.
Thus, two species may have the same protein even if their DNA molecules are different because of degeneracy of codons.
Pollution can come from both natural sources and human activities depending on the type of pollutant.
<h3>What is pollution?</h3>
It is the release of substances into the environment to the extent that the well-being of plants, animals, and humans starts getting affected.
Substances that are released into the environment to the extent that they start affecting the organisms in the environment negatively are known as pollutants.
Pollutants can come from natural sources or as a result of human activities.
For example pollutants such as oxides of sulfur, methane, carbon dioxide, etc. can come from natural processes such as volcanic eruptions, activities of microbes, etc.
Pollutants such as oxides of carbon and sulfur can also be generated as a result of human activities such as the burning of coal, technological inventions, etc.
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Carbon dioxide fluctuations occur for different seasons of the year due to the presence of plants in an area.
<h3>Why carbon dioxide fluctuations occur for different seasons of the year?</h3>
The carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere moves up and down every year when plants use carbondioxide gas through the process of photosynthesis and respiration. Plants take up the carbondioxide gas in the spring and summer season and release it in fall and winter season. In this modern world, the level of carbon cycle is increasing because more carbon dioxide is emitted from burning fossil fuels and other human activities.
So we can conclude that carbon dioxide fluctuations occur for different seasons of the year due to the presence of plants in an area.
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