In 1517, Martin Luther wrote a document attacking the Catholic Church of being corrupt by selling indulgences to pardon sin. This document was the "95 Theses". This document was the based on which was written the Protestant Reformation.
The Protestant Reformation divided the Catholic Europe, because Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority to define Christian practice.
"<span>a. Slavery began in ancient times and has existed around the world in different forms" is the only true option from the list, since it was around in biblical times but in a very different form that is thought of now.</span>
The main reason why the Mesopotamians were fortunate to live in the fertile crescent is because this was a place of unparalleled soil fertility--meaning that they had the best chance of growing the most crops.
Italy is where the city of rome is located
A large reason for why European countries colonized places in Africa and Asia was for resources. Land also equated to power. Colonization often lead to a boost in economies.
Ex. As the Industrial Revolution came, machines needed more materials, like rubber. So instead of paying or trading for this commodity, countries often resorted to colonization.
