Answer:
The League of Nations (1919 – 1946) was the first non-governmental international organization, founded during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
Its main objective was to maintain world peace after World War I.
Explanation:
The League had three main organs: the secretariat (led by the Secretary-General), the Council, and the Assembly and a large number of commissions and agencies.
The other goals of the League were: preventing war through collective security, resolving disputes between countries through diplomacy, and improving global well-being.
The most important achievements of the League were: resolving a dispute between Sweden and Finland, preventing the economic crisis in Austria and the outbreak of the war in the Balkans, and supporting the administrative division of the Saar region in Germany.
With the onset of World War II, The League of Nation failed in its essential objective - to prevent future world wars and aggression. During the war, the Assembly did not hold meetings, the Secretariat from Geneva was reduced to a minimum and relocated most of its employees to North America. After World War II the League was replaced with the United Nations.
Answer: The HOLOCAUST
Context/details:
The Holocaust is a term used to describe the systematic mass slaughter of European Jews and others in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
Holocaust" is a term that means "burning the whole thing." It comes from terms related to burnt offerings of animals in ancient religions. Essentially, the unwanted Jews and others in Germany were treated like animals to be slaughtered. You can find appearances of the term "holocaust" in use already during World War II, such as the records of Britain's House of Lords in 1943 noting that a member there had asserted that "the Nazis go on killing" and urging some relaxing of immigration rules so that "some hundreds, and possibly a few thousands, might be enabled to escape from this <u>holocaust</u>.” But the term gained its main currency as historians in the 1950s began to use the term in reference to the Nazi's campaign of genocide.
By the way, the term "genocide" is another that came into use around the same time. Raphael Lemkin, a Polish legal scholar (of Jewish ethnicity) had been studying the problem of mass killings of a people group since the 1920s, in regard to Turkish slaughter of Armenians in 1915. He coined the term "genocide" in 1944, in reference also to the Holocaust. The term uses Greek language roots and means "killing of a race" of people. Lemkin served as an advisor to Justice Robert Jackson, the lead prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials. "Crimes against humanity" was the charge used at the Nuremberg trials, since no international legal definition of "genocide" had yet been accepted. Ultimately, Lemkin was able to persuade the United Nations to accept the definition of genocide and codify it into international law.
