Answer:
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Explanation:
In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
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In the 1950s, the discovery of molecular structure of DNA revolutionized biotechnology.
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Answer: A segment of dna/chromosome containing the instructions for building a protein which will result in a trait is called a GENE.
Explanation:
CHROMOSOMES are made up of two threads called chromatids joined at a point called the centromere.
In the chemical nature of chromosomes, each is made up of a protein framework which has a long molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) coiled round it. A segment of DNA containing the instructions for building a protein which will result in a trait is called a GENE.
The GENES in the cell of a diploid organism contain all the necessary instructions for building up the organism.These instructions are written on a molecular scale.. Most genes contain information to direct the synthesis of specific proteins. Each such protein takes part in the development of a particular character.
A protein is made up of one or more chains of amino acids known as polypeptides. The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule determines the type of amino acid and the sequence in which they are arranged in a polypeptide chain.
A gene therefore is a sequence of triplets of the four bases which specifies the structure of a protein
Answer:
- acceptable for biochemical pathway to remain unknown
- identifies novel candidate genes for a disease
- allows for large sample sizes with a limited budget
- identifies DNA elements that flank a variant
Explanation: Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are a relatively new approach to analyzing genetic sequence and have quickly become a fundamental part of modern genetic studies. Their purpose is to determine alleles that correlate to different diseases and traits.
GWAS focuses on SNPs. The modern unit of genetic variation is the single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP. SNPs are single base-pair changes in the DNA sequence that occur with high frequency in the human genome, inother words, the single nucleotide sites that differ between individuals. By studying SNPs, researchers can analyze a few hundred thousand nucleotides rather than the 3 billion nucleotides that compose the human genome. The basic design of a GWAS is simple and begins by dividing participants into two groups:
* People with a disease/trait of interest
* People without a disease/trait (control group)
When antigens (foreign substances that invade the body) are detected, several types of cells work together to recognize them and respond. These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies, which are specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens