Answer:
Wetlands are usually defined as the land that is submerged under shallow water, or the soil is saturated with water throughout the year. These inland wetland areas and coastal areas are affected both naturally as well as due to the human activities in different ways such as-
- Due to the increasing rate of water pollution, where the waste particles produced from the industries and factories, and are eventually mixed with the water and polluting it.
- Due to climate change also, these areas are affected.
- Tide also is another factor affecting these areas.
Three of the major harmful impacts of humans on coastal areas are-
- The pollution has increased in the coastal areas as the humans throw the waste materials here and there near to the sea, where these substances are later mixed with the water.
- Due to the setting up of different things such as seawalls, sea-fence, the rate of erosion has considerably increased.
- The marine life also is affected in the coastal areas, because humans often go for fishing in this area.
Three of the major harmful impacts of human on the freshwater ecosystem are-
- The construction of dams directly affects the aquatic species and also degraded the quality of the water.
- Due to the usage of waterways, these marine species are affected.
- A large number of radioactive waste, chemicals, and other waste materials are released from the industrial sectors which are responsible for affecting the freshwater ecosystem.
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The following are the events in a story of how people have interacted with a landscape put into chronological order:
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1. Dense forest with large trees on steep hills: There were steep hills covered by forests made by large trees. The roots of these trees ceased soil erosion from happening.
2. Hand logging near lakes: People began to cut trees for wood but the pace was not as fact.
3. Mechanized logging throughout hills: Techniques of mechanized logging were developed and which helped in clearing the trees from over the hills within months.
4. Erosion fills lakes with silt: Clearing of forests from over the hills caused soil erosion and the silt from the hills flowed down with rainwater runoff.
Answer:
In the Middle Ages, spices that are now ordinary were rare imports from faraway places.
Explanation:
The central idea of the text can be defined by the excerpt above.
The text is explaining the process that Italian merchants had to go through in order to carry a expensive spice (pepper) from Syria to the fairs of Champagne, in France.
This is because spices were a very well-regarded and expensive product that could only be afforded by the wealthy at the time, since shipping methods at the time were primitive (slow ships, camels), raising the cost of these products to levels that would be hard to imagine today.
