A good way to reduce acid rain is use less fossil fuels, as they cause pollution which results in acid rain.
The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle, the inner of these membranes is invaginated to form structures called cristae. The fluid inside is called the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondria has a pivotal role in the creation of ATP in aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria, producing pyruvate and ATP, the pyruvate endures the link reaction on its way into the mitochondrial matrix and turns into acetyl co enzyme A. This acetyl group is used in the matrix in what is called Krebs cycle, where the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled with the reduction of hydrogen carriers. The products of Krebs cycle are then transported to the electron transport chain on the cristae where the reduced NADH and FADH are then oxidized. The remaining hydrogen electrons are transported down the chain where an oxygen molecule is reduced to water. Chemiosmosis also occurs at the electron transport chain, in which hydrogen protons move down the concentration gradient (from the inner mitochondrion membrane) through an ATP synthase where ATP is generated. The multiple folds inside the mitochondria which are the cristae, mean that there is plenty of surface area for cellular respirations to occur at.
Kilo-1,000
deci-1/10
centi-1/100
milli-1/1000
Answer:
b. Covalent bond between R groups
Explanation:
Disulfide bridge also known as disulfide bond or dicysteine bond is a type of interaction in which two cysteines of proteins come in close proximity with each other and form covalent bond with their functional (R) groups. The purpose of this bond is to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein and make it more compact.
Please see the attached image for more understanding.
The oldest layers are on the bottom thats why they are the oldest. Super position is what it is called if thats what your asking.
