The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids that may result in new gene combinations on the chromosomes is called the random assortment. It involves formation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and of genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes by the passage according to the laws of probability of one of each diploid pair of homologous chromosomes into each gamete independently to each other pair.
Turner syndrome occurs among the females only because it has to do with the missing X chromosome. The effects of this syndrome is having a short height, ovary failure and heart defects. The female sex hormones, such as the estrogen and progesterone, are elevated.
Answer: The answers are:
1. The atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere to redistribute water over the surface of Earth.
2. The atmosphere interacts with several Earth spheres, including the lithosphere.
3. Wind from the atmosphere creates ocean waves and currents.
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