Answer and explanation:
<h3>1. Librarians organize books according to a classification system. Describe another type of classification system you have seen or used.</h3><u>Similar to the way librarians organize their books, taxonomists and biologists can classify living organisms</u>.
In terms of biology, the taxonomic categories of species is a system used to group different species according to their physical and functional characteristics and their phylogenetic relationship.
Taxonomy can classify living organisms into domains - according to their cellular characteristics, as well as placing them in Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species.
For example, man (Homo sapiens) is classified, according to his taxonomy in:
- <em>Domain: Eukarya. </em>
- <em>Phylum: Chordata. </em>
- <em>Class: Mammal. </em>
- <em>Order: Primates. </em>
- <em>Family: Hominids </em>
- <em>Gender: Homo </em>
- <em>Species: Homo sapiens. </em>
The taxonomic classification system is a way of establishing differences and similarities among living beings, as well as offering an approximation to their morphology and specific functions within nature.
<h3>2. Describe three examples of how are plants and animals different</h3>Plants belong to the Plantae kingdom, while animals belong to the Animalia kingdom, and there are clear differences between them:
- <em>Plants have no movement, while animals do. </em>
- <em>Plant organisms are capable of processing their own nutrients (autotrophs), through sunlight, carbon dioxide, oxygen, water and inorganic nutrients from the soil. Animals (heterotrophic) require to obtain their nutrients by consuming plants or other animals. </em>
- <em>In plants, plant cells have cloproplasts and chlorophyll, which are necessary for photosynthesis and to obtain energy substrate. The animal cell has mitochondria, which are in charge of cellular respiration, a process that provides them with energy. </em>
The similarities between plants and animals are based on the general characteristics of some living organisms:
- <em>They are eukaryotic multicellular organisms, formed by biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. </em>
- <em>They have the capacity to reproduce and respond to stimuli. </em>
- <em>The metabolic pathways to carry out their organic processes - such as obtaining energy - are similar.</em>
Some differences between plants and mushrooms are:
- <em>Plants are photosynthetic organisms, capable of processing their own nutrients. Fungi require feeding on organic matter (heterotrophic). </em>
- <em>The nutrition of plants is by absorption of inorganic nutrients from the soil, while fungi perform an external digestion process and then make the absorption. </em>
- <em>From the cellular point of view, the wall of the plant cells is predominantly cellulose, while in the fungi the main component of the cell wall is chitin. </em>
An observable characteristic that allows us to establish the difference between plants and fungi is that plants are generally green, due to the presence of chlorophyll, necessary to carry out photosynthesis, while fungi are of variable colors, such as white, yellow, reddish or brown (they lack chlorophyll).