The two criteria of abnormal behavior are subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
Subjective discomfort is one sign of abnormality when the person experiences a great deal of subjective discomfort or what we call emotional distress while we engage in a particular behavior.
While inability to function normally is a behavior that does not allow a person to fit into society or function normally can also be called and labeled as abnormal.
Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
To learn more about smoking cessation visit:
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The third answer/C seems to be the most accurate, as a good economy would ideally have a balance between needs and ideals.
The correct answer is letter C which is weak ethical.
We do know that the importance of promoting a culture of compliance and ethics is a must. Employees in a weak ethical culture aren't aware of ethical values and does not implement it and are not promoted and they hold on to "getting the job done is far more important than getting the job done in an ethically correct way"
