Top down/bottom up budgets, lack of control, poor inventorying, lack of staff investment, over control are the least effective financial management practices in creating and monitoring an operating budget.
The operating budget includes the expenditures and revenues generated by the company's daily business functions. The operating budget focuses on operating expenses, such as the cost of goods sold in the market, also known as the cost of sold goods (COGS), and revenue or income. COGS is the cost of direct labor and direct materials used in the production process.
The operating budget also includes overhead and administration costs that are directly related to manufacturing goods and providing services. However, capital expenditures and long-term loans will not be included in the operating budget. Budgets for sales, production process or manufacturing, labor, overhead, and administration are a few examples of frequently utilized operating budgets.
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Answer:
value of the bond = $2,033.33
Explanation:
We know,
Value of the bond, ![B_{0} = [I * \frac{1 - (1 + i)^{-n}}{i}] + \frac{FV}{(1 + i)^n}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=B_%7B0%7D%20%3D%20%5BI%20%2A%20%5Cfrac%7B1%20-%20%281%20%2B%20i%29%5E%7B-n%7D%7D%7Bi%7D%5D%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7BFV%7D%7B%281%20%2B%20i%29%5En%7D)
Here,
Face value of par value, FV = $2,000
Coupon payment, I = Face value or Par value × coupon rate
Coupon payment, I = $2,000 × 6.04%
Coupon payment, I = $128
yield to maturity, i = 6.1% = 0.061
number of years, n = 15
Therefore, putting the value in the formula, we can get,
![B_{0} = [128 * \frac{1 - (1 + 0.061)^{-7}}{0.061}] + [\frac{2,000}{(1 + 0.061)^7}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=B_%7B0%7D%20%3D%20%5B128%20%2A%20%5Cfrac%7B1%20-%20%281%20%2B%200.061%29%5E%7B-7%7D%7D%7B0.061%7D%5D%20%2B%20%5B%5Cfrac%7B2%2C000%7D%7B%281%20%2B%200.061%29%5E7%7D%5D)
or, ![B_{0} = [128 * \frac{1 - (1.061)^{-7}}{0.061}] + [\frac{2,000}{(1.061)^7}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=B_%7B0%7D%20%3D%20%5B128%20%2A%20%5Cfrac%7B1%20-%20%281.061%29%5E%7B-7%7D%7D%7B0.061%7D%5D%20%2B%20%5B%5Cfrac%7B2%2C000%7D%7B%281.061%29%5E7%7D%5D)
or, ![B_{0} = [128 * \frac{0.3393}{0.061}] + 1,321.3635](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=B_%7B0%7D%20%3D%20%5B128%20%2A%20%5Cfrac%7B0.3393%7D%7B0.061%7D%5D%20%2B%201%2C321.3635)
or, ![B_{0} = [128 * 5.5623] + 1,321.3635](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=B_%7B0%7D%20%3D%20%5B128%20%2A%205.5623%5D%20%2B%201%2C321.3635)
or,
$711.9738 + 1,321.3635
Therefore, value of the bond = $2,033.33
Production budgets are used by manufacturers to determine the quantity of product units that will be produced. Based on the predicted sales, the production budget is chosen.
Regarding projected inventory levels, it is modified in accordance with the company's inventory policy. A manufacturer creates cost budgets for the direct materials, direct labour, and overhead expenses needed for manufacturing based on the production budget.
The company's inventory policy should be kept in mind while creating a production budget. The production budget is built on the sales budget, with changes made for starting and ending inventories.
The company's inventory management strategy affects the production budget as well. Depending on the company's strategic outlook, inventories may be increased or decreased.
For the given question, the production budget is prepared and attached in the form of an image.
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